[
  {
    "track": "software",
    "slug": "algorithms",
    "title": "Algorithms and data structures",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Big O",
          "Big Theta",
          "Big Omega",
          "amortized analysis"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Arrays",
          "linked lists",
          "stacks",
          "queues",
          "deques",
          "ring buffers"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Hash maps",
          "hash sets",
          "collision resolution",
          "load factor"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Heaps",
          "priority queues",
          "balanced search trees",
          "tries"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "B-trees",
          "B+ trees",
          "LSM trees",
          "skip lists"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Binary search",
          "two pointers",
          "sliding window",
          "prefix sums",
          "difference arrays"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Recursion",
          "backtracking",
          "divide and conquer",
          "greedy algorithms",
          "dynamic programming"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "BFS",
          "DFS",
          "topological sorting",
          "cycle detection",
          "strongly connected components"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Shortest paths",
          "minimum spanning trees",
          "union-find"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Segment trees",
          "Fenwick trees",
          "interval trees"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Bloom filters",
          "Count-Min Sketch",
          "HyperLogLog",
          "reservoir sampling"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Consistent hashing",
          "rendezvous hashing",
          "sorting stability"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "Open Data Structures",
        "https://opendatastructures.org/"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "software",
    "slug": "languages-and-runtimes",
    "title": "Languages and runtimes",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Static typing",
          "dynamic typing",
          "structural typing",
          "nominal typing"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Generics",
          "variance",
          "subtyping",
          "type inference"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Algebraic data types",
          "discriminated unions",
          "exhaustive matching",
          "nullable types"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Value semantics",
          "reference semantics",
          "aliasing",
          "immutability"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Closures",
          "lexical scope",
          "ownership",
          "borrowing",
          "lifetimes"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Compilation",
          "interpretation",
          "bytecode",
          "JIT",
          "AOT",
          "deoptimization"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Stack allocation",
          "heap allocation",
          "garbage collection",
          "reference counting"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Memory leaks",
          "object pooling",
          "resource cleanup",
          "deterministic destruction"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Exceptions",
          "error values",
          "typed errors",
          "exception boundaries"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "ABI",
          "FFI",
          "reflection",
          "metaprogramming",
          "undefined behavior"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "Linux manual pages",
        "https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "software",
    "slug": "operating-systems",
    "title": "Operating systems and hardware",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Processes",
          "threads",
          "scheduling",
          "context switches",
          "CPU affinity"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "System calls",
          "interrupts",
          "signals",
          "interprocess communication"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Virtual memory",
          "page tables",
          "page faults",
          "mmap",
          "swapping"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "File descriptors",
          "sockets",
          "pipes",
          "shared memory"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Blocking I/O",
          "nonblocking I/O",
          "asynchronous I/O",
          "epoll",
          "kqueue"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "CPU caches",
          "cache lines",
          "locality",
          "cache coherence",
          "false sharing"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "NUMA",
          "SIMD",
          "vectorization"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Filesystems",
          "journaling",
          "buffering",
          "fsync",
          "atomic rename"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Namespaces",
          "cgroups",
          "resource limits",
          "OOM termination"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Wall clocks",
          "monotonic clocks",
          "clock drift",
          "clock precision"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "Linux manual pages",
        "https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "software",
    "slug": "concurrency",
    "title": "Concurrency and parallelism",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Concurrency",
          "parallelism",
          "CPU-bound work",
          "I/O-bound work"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Threads",
          "processes",
          "coroutines",
          "futures",
          "promises",
          "event loops"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Race conditions",
          "data races",
          "atomicity",
          "visibility",
          "ordering"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Mutexes",
          "semaphores",
          "condition variables",
          "read-write locks",
          "barriers"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Deadlock",
          "livelock",
          "starvation",
          "priority inversion"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Compare-and-swap",
          "memory barriers",
          "happens-before"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Lock-free",
          "wait-free",
          "ABA problem"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Thread pools",
          "bounded queues",
          "work stealing",
          "executor saturation"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Structured concurrency",
          "cancellation propagation",
          "task supervision"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Actor model",
          "channels",
          "message passing",
          "backpressure"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "Linux manual pages",
        "https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "software",
    "slug": "networking",
    "title": "Networking and protocols",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "IP",
          "TCP",
          "UDP",
          "QUIC"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "TCP handshake",
          "retransmission",
          "congestion control",
          "flow control",
          "keepalive"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "DNS",
          "recursive resolution",
          "TTL",
          "negative caching"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "TLS",
          "certificate chains",
          "hostname verification",
          "mutual TLS"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "HTTP/1.1",
          "HTTP/2",
          "HTTP/3",
          "head-of-line blocking"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Connection pooling",
          "connection reuse",
          "proxies",
          "NAT",
          "load balancing"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "HTTP methods",
          "status codes",
          "headers",
          "content negotiation",
          "compression"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Cookies",
          "sessions",
          "CORS",
          "same-origin policy"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "WebSockets",
          "SSE",
          "polling",
          "long polling"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Connection timeout",
          "read timeout",
          "idle timeout",
          "deadlines",
          "jitter"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "MDN Web Docs",
        "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web"
      ],
      [
        "Linux manual pages",
        "https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "software",
    "slug": "code-design",
    "title": "Code design and maintainability",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Cohesion",
          "coupling",
          "encapsulation",
          "information hiding"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "SOLID",
          "DRY",
          "KISS",
          "YAGNI",
          "separation of concerns"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Dependency inversion",
          "dependency injection",
          "composition",
          "inheritance"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Pure functions",
          "side effects",
          "referential transparency"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Design by contract",
          "invariants",
          "preconditions",
          "postconditions"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Strategy",
          "factory",
          "builder",
          "adapter",
          "decorator",
          "facade"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Observer",
          "command",
          "state pattern"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Code smells",
          "refactoring",
          "technical debt",
          "complexity budgets"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Error taxonomy",
          "domain errors",
          "exception boundaries"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Public interfaces",
          "dependency cycles",
          "static analysis",
          "code review"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "Refactoring catalog",
        "https://refactoring.com/catalog/"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "software",
    "slug": "architecture",
    "title": "Architecture and domain modeling",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Monolith",
          "modular monolith",
          "microservices",
          "service-oriented architecture"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Layered architecture",
          "hexagonal architecture",
          "clean architecture"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Event-driven architecture",
          "message-driven architecture",
          "serverless"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Bounded contexts",
          "ubiquitous language",
          "context mapping"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Entities",
          "value objects",
          "aggregates",
          "aggregate invariants"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Repositories",
          "domain services",
          "ports and adapters"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Domain events",
          "integration events",
          "anti-corruption layers"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "CQRS",
          "event sourcing",
          "projections",
          "snapshots",
          "replay"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "ADRs",
          "RFCs",
          "architecture fitness functions"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Strangler migration",
          "branch by abstraction",
          "evolutionary architecture"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "Martin Fowler architecture articles",
        "https://martinfowler.com/architecture/"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "software",
    "slug": "api-design",
    "title": "APIs and integrations",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "REST",
          "RPC",
          "gRPC",
          "GraphQL"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Resource modeling",
          "schema validation",
          "API contracts"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Safe methods",
          "idempotency",
          "idempotency keys",
          "deduplication"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Offset pagination",
          "cursor pagination",
          "keyset pagination"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Filtering",
          "sorting",
          "partial updates",
          "bulk operations"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Versioning",
          "backward compatibility",
          "deprecation",
          "schema evolution"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "OpenAPI",
          "Protocol Buffers",
          "serialization compatibility"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Authentication",
          "authorization",
          "API scopes"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Webhook signatures",
          "replay protection",
          "delivery retries"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Long-running operations",
          "job handles",
          "consumer-driven contracts"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "MDN Web Docs",
        "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web"
      ],
      [
        "OpenAPI specification",
        "https://spec.openapis.org/oas/latest.html"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "software",
    "slug": "rate-limiting",
    "title": "Rate limiting and admission control",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Fixed-window counter",
          "boundary bursts"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Sliding-window log"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Sliding-window counter",
          "weighted-window approximation"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Token bucket",
          "burst capacity",
          "refill rate"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Leaky bucket",
          "GCRA"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Per-IP limits",
          "per-user limits",
          "per-tenant limits",
          "hierarchical quotas"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Weighted requests",
          "concurrency limits",
          "admission control"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Distributed counters",
          "Redis Lua",
          "atomic updates",
          "quota leasing"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Clock skew",
          "TTL",
          "hot keys",
          "fail-open",
          "fail-closed"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "HTTP 429",
          "Retry-After",
          "load shedding",
          "adaptive concurrency"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "Redis rate limiter pattern",
        "https://redis.io/docs/latest/commands/incr/"
      ],
      [
        "MDN Web Docs",
        "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "software",
    "slug": "caching",
    "title": "Caching",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Cache-aside",
          "read-through",
          "write-through",
          "write-behind"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "TTL",
          "expiration",
          "eviction",
          "invalidation"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "LRU",
          "LFU",
          "FIFO",
          "admission policy"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Stale-while-revalidate",
          "stale-if-error",
          "negative caching"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Cache stampede",
          "dogpile effect",
          "single-flight",
          "request coalescing"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "TTL jitter",
          "probabilistic early refresh"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Cache penetration",
          "cache avalanche",
          "hot keys"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Local cache",
          "distributed cache",
          "multilevel cache",
          "coherence"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Versioned keys",
          "tenant-aware keys",
          "cache poisoning"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "CDN",
          "Vary",
          "ETag",
          "conditional requests",
          "cache hit ratio"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "MDN Web Docs",
        "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web"
      ],
      [
        "Redis documentation",
        "https://redis.io/docs/latest/"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "software",
    "slug": "relational-databases",
    "title": "Relational databases and SQL",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Keys",
          "constraints",
          "referential integrity",
          "functional dependencies"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Normalization",
          "denormalization"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Joins",
          "subqueries",
          "CTEs",
          "recursive queries",
          "SQL window functions"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Composite indexes",
          "covering indexes",
          "partial indexes",
          "expression indexes"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Selectivity",
          "index column order",
          "sargability"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Query planner",
          "statistics",
          "cardinality estimation",
          "EXPLAIN"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Sequential scan",
          "index scan",
          "nested-loop join",
          "hash join",
          "merge join"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "N+1 queries",
          "batching",
          "prepared statements",
          "connection pooling"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Partitioning",
          "materialized views",
          "generated columns"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Vacuum",
          "table bloat",
          "index bloat",
          "online migrations",
          "backfills"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "PostgreSQL documentation",
        "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "software",
    "slug": "transactions",
    "title": "Transactions and concurrency control",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "ACID",
          "transaction boundaries",
          "autocommit"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Read committed",
          "repeatable read",
          "serializable"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Dirty read",
          "nonrepeatable read",
          "phantom read"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Lost update",
          "write skew",
          "serialization anomaly"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "MVCC",
          "snapshot isolation",
          "serializable snapshot isolation"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Optimistic concurrency",
          "pessimistic concurrency",
          "version columns"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Row locks",
          "table locks",
          "advisory locks",
          "predicate locks"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Deadlock detection",
          "lock ordering",
          "lock timeout"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Compare-and-set",
          "transaction retries",
          "retry-safe operations"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "WAL",
          "crash recovery",
          "two-phase locking",
          "two-phase commit"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "PostgreSQL documentation",
        "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "software",
    "slug": "nonrelational-and-search",
    "title": "Nonrelational databases and search",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Key-value stores",
          "document databases",
          "wide-column stores",
          "graph databases"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Time-series databases",
          "object storage",
          "blob storage"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Partition keys",
          "sort keys",
          "access-pattern-driven modeling"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Secondary indexes",
          "sparse indexes",
          "global indexes",
          "local indexes"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Read amplification",
          "write amplification",
          "compaction",
          "tombstones"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Inverted index",
          "analyzers",
          "tokenization",
          "stemming"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "BM25",
          "faceting",
          "fuzzy matching",
          "full-text search"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Graph traversal",
          "graph query languages"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Retention",
          "downsampling",
          "rollups"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Vector databases",
          "approximate nearest neighbors"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "Elasticsearch reference",
        "https://www.elastic.co/docs/reference/elasticsearch/"
      ],
      [
        "PostgreSQL documentation",
        "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "software",
    "slug": "distributed-systems",
    "title": "Distributed systems",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Partial failure",
          "failure detection",
          "network partitions"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Replication",
          "sharding",
          "rebalancing"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Leader-follower",
          "multi-leader",
          "leaderless replication"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Synchronous replication",
          "asynchronous replication",
          "replication lag"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Strong consistency",
          "eventual consistency",
          "causal consistency"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Linearizability",
          "sequential consistency",
          "serializability"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Read-your-writes",
          "monotonic reads",
          "consistent-prefix reads"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "CAP",
          "PACELC",
          "quorum reads",
          "quorum writes"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Raft",
          "Paxos",
          "consensus",
          "leader election"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Split-brain",
          "leases",
          "distributed locks",
          "fencing tokens"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Lamport clocks",
          "vector clocks",
          "clock skew"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "CRDTs",
          "conflict resolution",
          "last-write-wins"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Anti-entropy",
          "read repair",
          "hinted handoff",
          "gossip"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Consistent hashing",
          "virtual nodes",
          "hot partitions",
          "Byzantine faults"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "Google SRE books",
        "https://sre.google/books/"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "software",
    "slug": "messaging",
    "title": "Messaging and durable workflows",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Queues",
          "publish-subscribe",
          "event streams"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Producers",
          "consumers",
          "consumer groups",
          "partitions",
          "offsets"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "At-most-once",
          "at-least-once",
          "exactly-once semantics"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Acknowledgments",
          "visibility timeouts",
          "redelivery"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Exponential backoff",
          "jitter",
          "retry budgets"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Dead-letter queues",
          "poison messages"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Idempotent consumers",
          "deduplication",
          "inbox pattern"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Transactional outbox",
          "CDC"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Sagas",
          "compensation",
          "orchestration",
          "choreography"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Delayed jobs",
          "scheduled jobs",
          "durable execution",
          "checkpointing"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Replay",
          "retention",
          "schema registry",
          "event versioning"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Consumer lag",
          "backpressure",
          "queue growth",
          "cancellation"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "Apache Kafka documentation",
        "https://kafka.apache.org/documentation/"
      ],
      [
        "Google SRE books",
        "https://sre.google/books/"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "software",
    "slug": "data-engineering",
    "title": "Data engineering",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "ETL",
          "ELT",
          "batch processing",
          "stream processing"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Event time",
          "processing time",
          "watermarks",
          "late events"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Tumbling windows",
          "hopping windows",
          "sliding windows",
          "session windows"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Stateful processing",
          "stream joins",
          "checkpoints"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Data warehouse",
          "data lake",
          "lakehouse",
          "OLTP",
          "OLAP"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Columnar storage",
          "Parquet",
          "Avro",
          "ORC",
          "compression"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Star schema",
          "snowflake schema",
          "dimensional modeling"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Slowly changing dimensions"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Data contracts",
          "schema evolution",
          "lineage",
          "catalogs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Freshness",
          "completeness",
          "reconciliation",
          "backfills",
          "incremental processing"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "Apache Flink documentation",
        "https://nightlies.apache.org/flink/flink-docs-stable/"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "software",
    "slug": "reliability",
    "title": "Reliability and resilience",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Availability",
          "reliability",
          "durability",
          "fault tolerance"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "SLI",
          "SLO",
          "SLA",
          "error budget"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Fault domains",
          "blast radius",
          "redundancy"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Circuit breaker",
          "bulkhead",
          "graceful degradation"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Retry amplification",
          "cascading failure",
          "thundering herd"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Timeouts",
          "deadline propagation",
          "cancellation"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Liveness",
          "readiness",
          "startup checks"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Failover",
          "failback",
          "regional evacuation"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Disaster recovery",
          "RPO",
          "RTO",
          "restore drills"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Chaos engineering",
          "fault injection",
          "overload protection"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "On-call",
          "runbooks",
          "incident response",
          "postmortems",
          "toil"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "Google SRE books",
        "https://sre.google/books/"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "software",
    "slug": "observability",
    "title": "Observability and debugging",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Logs",
          "metrics",
          "traces",
          "profiles"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Structured logs",
          "correlation IDs",
          "trace context"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Spans",
          "distributed tracing",
          "context propagation"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Counters",
          "gauges",
          "histograms",
          "summaries"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "RED method",
          "USE method",
          "golden signals"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "p50",
          "p95",
          "p99",
          "tail latency"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Cardinality",
          "sampling",
          "exemplars"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Head sampling",
          "tail sampling"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Burn-rate alerts",
          "actionable alerts",
          "alert fatigue"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "CPU profiles",
          "heap profiles",
          "lock profiles",
          "flame graphs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Thread dumps",
          "core dumps",
          "query tracing",
          "hypothesis testing"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "Google SRE books",
        "https://sre.google/books/"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "software",
    "slug": "performance",
    "title": "Performance and capacity",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Latency",
          "throughput",
          "utilization",
          "saturation"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Tail latency",
          "fan-out amplification",
          "stragglers"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Little’s Law",
          "queueing theory",
          "queue stability"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Amdahl’s Law",
          "scalability limits"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Load testing",
          "stress testing",
          "soak testing",
          "spike testing"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Open-loop load",
          "closed-loop load",
          "coordinated omission"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Warmup",
          "cold starts",
          "benchmark bias"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Batching",
          "pipelining",
          "parallelism"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Connection pools",
          "thread pools",
          "memory pressure",
          "GC pauses"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Vertical scaling",
          "horizontal scaling",
          "autoscaling lag",
          "headroom"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Cost per request",
          "cost per tenant",
          "capacity forecasts"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "Google SRE books",
        "https://sre.google/books/"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "software",
    "slug": "security",
    "title": "Security and privacy",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Threat modeling",
          "attack surface",
          "trust boundary"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Least privilege",
          "defense in depth",
          "zero trust"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Authentication",
          "authorization",
          "accounting",
          "RBAC",
          "ABAC",
          "ReBAC"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "OAuth 2.0",
          "OpenID Connect",
          "PKCE"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Sessions",
          "JWT",
          "refresh tokens",
          "revocation"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "CSRF",
          "XSS",
          "SQL injection",
          "command injection"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "SSRF",
          "path traversal",
          "insecure deserialization",
          "IDOR",
          "BOLA"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Password hashing",
          "salts",
          "key derivation"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "TLS",
          "encryption at rest",
          "envelope encryption",
          "key rotation"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Secrets management",
          "certificate rotation",
          "workload identity"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Tenant isolation",
          "row-level security",
          "audit trails"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Data minimization",
          "pseudonymization",
          "anonymization",
          "re-identification"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "SBOM",
          "dependency vulnerabilities",
          "artifact signing",
          "sandboxing"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "OWASP Cheat Sheet Series",
        "https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "software",
    "slug": "infrastructure",
    "title": "Infrastructure and cloud",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Virtual machines",
          "containers",
          "image layers",
          "registries"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Infrastructure as code",
          "immutable infrastructure",
          "drift detection"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Pods",
          "deployments",
          "services",
          "ingress",
          "scheduling"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Requests and limits",
          "autoscaling",
          "StatefulSets",
          "persistent volumes"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Service mesh",
          "sidecars",
          "service discovery"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "VPC",
          "subnets",
          "routing",
          "security groups"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "IAM",
          "workload identity",
          "short-lived credentials"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Managed databases",
          "object storage",
          "managed queues"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Multi-zone",
          "multi-region",
          "spot capacity",
          "reserved capacity"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Configuration management",
          "secret injection",
          "environment parity"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "FinOps",
          "egress costs",
          "resource tagging"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "Kubernetes concepts",
        "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/"
      ],
      [
        "Google SRE books",
        "https://sre.google/books/"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "software",
    "slug": "testing-and-delivery",
    "title": "Testing and delivery",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Unit tests",
          "integration tests",
          "component tests",
          "end-to-end tests"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Contract tests",
          "property-based tests",
          "fuzzing"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Mutation testing",
          "differential testing"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Deterministic tests",
          "flaky tests",
          "test isolation"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Mocks",
          "stubs",
          "fakes",
          "test doubles"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Test pyramid",
          "risk-based testing"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "CI/CD",
          "artifact promotion",
          "reproducible builds",
          "hermetic builds"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Feature flags",
          "canary release",
          "blue-green deployment",
          "rolling deployment"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Rollback",
          "roll-forward",
          "schema compatibility"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Trunk-based development",
          "GitHub flow",
          "release gates"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Supply-chain security",
          "release observability"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "GitHub documentation",
        "https://docs.github.com/"
      ],
      [
        "Google SRE books",
        "https://sre.google/books/"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "software",
    "slug": "frontend",
    "title": "Frontend and client engineering",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "DOM",
          "CSSOM",
          "layout",
          "paint",
          "compositing"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Event loop",
          "tasks",
          "microtasks"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Client state",
          "server state",
          "URL state"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Optimistic updates",
          "rollback",
          "cache invalidation"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "CSR",
          "SSR",
          "SSG",
          "hydration",
          "streaming rendering"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Progressive enhancement",
          "code splitting",
          "tree shaking",
          "lazy loading"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Virtualization",
          "memoization",
          "render profiling"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Accessibility",
          "semantic HTML",
          "keyboard navigation"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Core Web Vitals",
          "performance budgets"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "IndexedDB",
          "local storage",
          "session storage",
          "service workers"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Offline synchronization",
          "responsive design",
          "design systems"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "CSP",
          "internationalization",
          "localization",
          "timezones"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "MDN Web Docs",
        "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "software",
    "slug": "saas-workflows",
    "title": "SaaS and business workflows",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Multi-tenancy",
          "tenant provisioning",
          "tenant isolation"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Shared database",
          "separate schemas",
          "separate databases"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Entitlements",
          "subscriptions",
          "usage metering"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Payment idempotency",
          "billing reconciliation"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Money precision",
          "currency",
          "rounding"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Order state machines",
          "payment state machines",
          "approval workflows"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Audit trails",
          "immutable financial records"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Notifications",
          "delivery preferences",
          "deduplication"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Temporal modeling",
          "effective dates",
          "timezone boundaries"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Data export",
          "deletion",
          "retention"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Tenant configuration",
          "SSO",
          "provisioning",
          "noisy-neighbor protection"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "OWASP Cheat Sheet Series",
        "https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/"
      ],
      [
        "PostgreSQL documentation",
        "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "software",
    "slug": "distributed-key-value-stores",
    "title": "Distributed key-value stores and Redis",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Distributed key-value store",
          "Redis",
          "Valkey",
          "etcd"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Redis strings",
          "hashes",
          "lists",
          "sets",
          "sorted sets",
          "streams",
          "bitmaps",
          "HyperLogLog"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Redis Cluster",
          "hash slots",
          "hash tags",
          "MOVED",
          "ASK",
          "resharding"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Redis replication",
          "replication lag",
          "asynchronous replication",
          "Redis Sentinel",
          "failover"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "RDB snapshots",
          "AOF",
          "appendfsync",
          "AOF rewrite",
          "persistence recovery"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Redis TTL",
          "lazy expiration",
          "active expiration",
          "maxmemory",
          "eviction policy"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "MULTI/EXEC",
          "WATCH",
          "Lua scripts",
          "Redis Functions",
          "atomicity"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Redis pipelining",
          "transactions",
          "connection pools",
          "blocking commands"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Redis Pub/Sub",
          "Redis Streams",
          "consumer groups",
          "pending entries",
          "XACK",
          "XAUTOCLAIM"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Hot keys",
          "big keys",
          "cache stampede",
          "cluster imbalance",
          "network partitions"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Redis locks",
          "lease expiry",
          "fencing tokens",
          "Redlock",
          "lock safety assumptions"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Linearizable KV reads",
          "compare-and-swap",
          "watches",
          "leases",
          "consensus-backed coordination"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "Redis documentation",
        "https://redis.io/docs/latest/"
      ],
      [
        "etcd documentation",
        "https://etcd.io/docs/"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "ai",
    "slug": "model-integration",
    "title": "Model behavior and API integration",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Tokens",
          "tokenization",
          "input token budget",
          "output token budget",
          "context window"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Model capabilities",
          "modalities",
          "capability detection",
          "provider compatibility"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Model selection",
          "routing",
          "fallback",
          "escalation",
          "version pinning",
          "model migrations"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Instruction hierarchy",
          "instruction following",
          "nondeterminism",
          "reproducibility limits"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Sampling",
          "temperature",
          "top-p",
          "stop sequences",
          "reasoning effort",
          "inference budgets"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Structured outputs",
          "tool calls",
          "final responses",
          "refusals",
          "truncation"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Streaming events",
          "partial responses",
          "completion status",
          "cancellation"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Timeouts",
          "retries",
          "quotas",
          "rate limits",
          "ambiguous outcomes"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Model confidence",
          "factual correctness",
          "knowledge cutoff",
          "retrieved evidence"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "OpenAI agent engineering resources",
        "https://developers.openai.com/learn/agents"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "ai",
    "slug": "prompt-engineering",
    "title": "Prompt engineering",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "System instructions",
          "developer instructions",
          "user requests",
          "instruction precedence"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Task framing",
          "constraints",
          "success criteria",
          "ambiguity handling"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Zero-shot prompting",
          "few-shot prompting",
          "example selection",
          "negative examples"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Delimiters",
          "structured input",
          "instruction-data separation"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Task decomposition",
          "staged prompting",
          "prompt chaining"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Output contracts",
          "JSON schemas",
          "formatting constraints"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Grounding instructions",
          "citation requirements",
          "abstention",
          "clarification"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Prompt templates",
          "variables",
          "prompt versioning",
          "prompt regression tests"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Conflicting instructions",
          "overconstraint",
          "prompt brittleness",
          "underspecification"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Prompt optimization",
          "evaluation flywheel",
          "measured outcomes"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "OpenAI agent engineering resources",
        "https://developers.openai.com/learn/agents"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "ai",
    "slug": "context-engineering",
    "title": "Context engineering",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Context construction",
          "context selection",
          "relevance",
          "authority",
          "freshness",
          "provenance"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Context ordering",
          "placement",
          "token allocation",
          "context budgets"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Truncation",
          "compression",
          "compaction",
          "conversation summarization"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Selective history retrieval",
          "just-in-time retrieval",
          "progressive disclosure"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Lost-in-the-middle",
          "context pollution",
          "stale context",
          "contradictory evidence"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "User preferences",
          "task instructions",
          "task state",
          "retrieved evidence"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Tool-result filtering",
          "result summarization",
          "source attribution"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Prompt caching",
          "reusable prefixes",
          "context reuse"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Constraint preservation",
          "context handoff",
          "session continuation"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "OpenAI agent engineering resources",
        "https://developers.openai.com/learn/agents"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "ai",
    "slug": "knowledge-bases",
    "title": "Knowledge-base ingestion",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Source connectors",
          "synchronization",
          "change detection",
          "incremental ingestion"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Document parsing",
          "OCR",
          "layout extraction",
          "tables",
          "captions",
          "images"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Normalization",
          "deduplication",
          "ingestion validation"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Document IDs",
          "versions",
          "stable chunk IDs",
          "source URLs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Metadata extraction",
          "source permissions",
          "access-control metadata"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Fixed-size chunking",
          "recursive chunking",
          "semantic chunking",
          "structure-aware chunking"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Chunk overlap",
          "parent-child chunks",
          "document hierarchy"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Failed-ingestion recovery",
          "dead-letter ingestion",
          "backfills"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Freshness",
          "expiration",
          "deletion propagation",
          "data lineage"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "OpenAI agent engineering resources",
        "https://developers.openai.com/learn/agents"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "ai",
    "slug": "rag-and-retrieval",
    "title": "Retrieval and RAG",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "RAG",
          "dense retrieval",
          "sparse retrieval",
          "keyword search",
          "embeddings"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Embedding compatibility",
          "cosine similarity",
          "vector distance",
          "normalization"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "ANN",
          "HNSW",
          "IVF",
          "product quantization",
          "index tuning"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "BM25",
          "hybrid search",
          "reciprocal rank fusion"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Metadata filtering",
          "permission filtering",
          "tenant-aware retrieval"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Query rewriting",
          "query expansion",
          "query decomposition",
          "multi-query retrieval"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Bi-encoders",
          "cross-encoders",
          "reranking"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Parent-document retrieval",
          "hierarchical retrieval",
          "graph-assisted retrieval"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Deduplication",
          "diversity",
          "maximal marginal relevance",
          "context packing"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Recall@k",
          "precision@k",
          "MRR",
          "nDCG"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "No-result behavior",
          "insufficient evidence",
          "retrieval freshness"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Groundedness",
          "faithfulness",
          "citation attribution",
          "citation verification"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Embedding migrations",
          "reindexing",
          "retrieval poisoning"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "OpenAI agent engineering resources",
        "https://developers.openai.com/learn/agents"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "ai",
    "slug": "tools-and-mcp",
    "title": "Tools, function calling, and MCP",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Tool discovery",
          "tool selection",
          "tool descriptions",
          "tool granularity"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Function calling",
          "JSON schemas",
          "typed arguments",
          "argument validation"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Typed outputs",
          "structured errors",
          "retryable errors",
          "permanent errors"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Read tools",
          "write tools",
          "synchronous tools",
          "asynchronous tools"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Parallel tool calls",
          "dependency ordering",
          "tool-call budgets"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Timeouts",
          "cancellation",
          "pagination",
          "result-size limits"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Idempotency",
          "deduplication",
          "tool contract testing"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Authorization",
          "scoped credentials",
          "dry runs",
          "previews",
          "audit trails"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Tool-result sanitization",
          "untrusted tool outputs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "MCP tools",
          "MCP resources",
          "MCP prompts",
          "capability negotiation"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "MCP transports",
          "session lifecycle",
          "protocol versioning",
          "MCP authorization"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "OpenAI agent engineering resources",
        "https://developers.openai.com/learn/agents"
      ],
      [
        "MCP specification",
        "https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "ai",
    "slug": "loop-engineering",
    "title": "Agent loop engineering",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Observe-decide-act loop",
          "action-result feedback",
          "next-action selection"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Explicit task state",
          "objectives",
          "completion criteria"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Stop conditions",
          "maximum steps",
          "token budgets",
          "time budgets",
          "cost budgets"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Progress detection",
          "repeated-action detection",
          "stuck-loop detection"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "No-progress termination",
          "partial completion",
          "handoff"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Replanning",
          "recoverable failure",
          "terminal failure"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Retry policy",
          "recovery policy",
          "tool failure recovery"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Checkpointing",
          "resumability",
          "durable state"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Interruptibility",
          "user steering",
          "cancellation propagation"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Context compaction",
          "objective preservation",
          "verified completion"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "OpenAI agent engineering resources",
        "https://developers.openai.com/learn/agents"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "ai",
    "slug": "harness-and-orchestration",
    "title": "Agent harness and orchestration",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Agent harness",
          "workflow graph",
          "state machine"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Deterministic routing",
          "model-selected routing"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Planner-executor",
          "supervisor-worker",
          "router patterns"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Handoffs",
          "delegation",
          "sequential execution",
          "parallel execution"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Dependency graphs",
          "shared state",
          "isolated state"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Durable workflows",
          "event-driven execution",
          "long-running jobs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Checkpoints",
          "replay",
          "session lifecycle"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Error boundaries",
          "concurrency limits",
          "resource isolation"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Workspace management",
          "artifact management",
          "runtime policy enforcement"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "OpenAI agent engineering resources",
        "https://developers.openai.com/learn/agents"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "ai",
    "slug": "memory-engineering",
    "title": "Memory engineering",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Working memory",
          "session memory",
          "persistent memory"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Episodic memory",
          "semantic memory",
          "procedural memory"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Explicit memories",
          "inferred memories",
          "user preferences",
          "task-local instructions"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Memory extraction",
          "write policies",
          "relevance",
          "retrieval"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Provenance",
          "confidence",
          "timestamps"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Deduplication",
          "conflict resolution",
          "staleness",
          "expiry"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Forgetting",
          "user correction",
          "deletion propagation"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Tenant isolation",
          "user isolation",
          "memory poisoning"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Summaries",
          "original evidence",
          "cross-session consistency"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "OpenAI agent engineering resources",
        "https://developers.openai.com/learn/agents"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "ai",
    "slug": "planning-and-verification",
    "title": "Planning, reasoning, and verification",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Task decomposition",
          "dependency-aware planning",
          "replanning"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Hypothesis generation",
          "evidence gathering",
          "external verification"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Critique-revision loops",
          "generator-verifier pattern"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Correlated errors",
          "independent verification",
          "consistency checks"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Constraint checking",
          "source verification",
          "executable checks"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Tests",
          "validators",
          "database queries",
          "artifact inspection"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Abstention",
          "confidence calibration",
          "clarification"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Plausibility",
          "demonstrated correctness",
          "completion evidence"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "OpenAI agent engineering resources",
        "https://developers.openai.com/learn/agents"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "ai",
    "slug": "action-safety",
    "title": "Actions and side-effect safety",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Read-only actions",
          "consequential actions",
          "action previews"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Human-in-the-loop",
          "approvals",
          "approval binding"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Permission scope",
          "delegation",
          "least privilege"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Idempotency keys",
          "duplicate prevention",
          "request identity"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Ambiguous outcomes",
          "reconciliation",
          "read-after-write verification"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Transaction boundaries",
          "compensation",
          "rollback",
          "roll-forward"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "TOCTOU",
          "optimistic concurrency",
          "stale approvals"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Auditability",
          "action provenance",
          "execution receipts"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "OpenAI agent engineering resources",
        "https://developers.openai.com/learn/agents"
      ],
      [
        "OWASP Cheat Sheet Series",
        "https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "ai",
    "slug": "evaluation",
    "title": "Evaluation engineering",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Representative datasets",
          "production examples",
          "golden datasets"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Rubrics",
          "golden answers",
          "human annotation",
          "inter-rater agreement"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Component evaluation",
          "end-to-end evaluation",
          "task completion rate"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Instruction adherence",
          "retrieval relevance",
          "groundedness",
          "citation correctness"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Tool-selection accuracy",
          "argument correctness",
          "unauthorized-action rate"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Loop efficiency",
          "unnecessary actions",
          "recovery success"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Deterministic graders",
          "model graders",
          "judge calibration",
          "judge bias"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Adversarial cases",
          "slice analysis",
          "regression suites"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Repeated runs",
          "stochastic variation",
          "confidence intervals"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Online experiments",
          "shadow runs",
          "canary evaluation"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Quality-latency-cost tradeoffs",
          "evaluation coverage"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "OpenAI agent engineering resources",
        "https://developers.openai.com/learn/agents"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "ai",
    "slug": "observability",
    "title": "LLM observability and debugging",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Execution traces",
          "model spans",
          "tool spans",
          "handoff traces"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Prompt versions",
          "context versions",
          "retrieved-document IDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Token usage",
          "cost attribution",
          "budget tracking"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Time to first token",
          "end-to-end latency",
          "tool latency"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Tool failures",
          "loop counts",
          "repeated actions",
          "timeout rates"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Error taxonomies",
          "trace replay",
          "production-to-eval datasets"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Sensitive-data redaction",
          "access-controlled telemetry"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Prompt failures",
          "context failures",
          "retrieval failures",
          "model failures",
          "application failures"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "OpenAI agent engineering resources",
        "https://developers.openai.com/learn/agents"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "ai",
    "slug": "security",
    "title": "LLM application security",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Direct prompt injection",
          "indirect prompt injection",
          "tool-output injection"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Instruction-data separation",
          "trust boundaries",
          "untrusted documents"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Retrieval poisoning",
          "memory poisoning"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Secret leakage",
          "data exfiltration",
          "cross-tenant leakage"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Excessive agency",
          "privilege escalation",
          "confused-deputy attacks"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Malicious URLs",
          "SSRF",
          "generated command injection"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Sandbox isolation",
          "network egress controls",
          "output validation"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Approval bypass",
          "tool supply chain",
          "connector permissions"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Jailbreaks",
          "adversarial evaluation",
          "policy enforcement"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "OWASP Cheat Sheet Series",
        "https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/"
      ],
      [
        "OWASP GenAI security project",
        "https://genai.owasp.org/"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "ai",
    "slug": "performance-and-cost",
    "title": "LLM performance and cost",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Input token cost",
          "output token cost",
          "reasoning budgets"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Prompt caching",
          "context reuse",
          "reusable prefixes"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Response caching",
          "semantic caching",
          "cache invalidation",
          "tenant isolation"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Model routing",
          "small-model first pass",
          "escalation"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Batching",
          "parallelization",
          "streaming"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Latency budgets",
          "retrieval latency",
          "tool latency"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Provider quotas",
          "backpressure",
          "admission control",
          "retry amplification"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Cost per completed task",
          "quality-adjusted cost",
          "budget enforcement"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Graceful degradation",
          "cancellation",
          "unnecessary tool calls"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Prefill",
          "decoding",
          "KV cache",
          "continuous batching",
          "quantization"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "OpenAI agent engineering resources",
        "https://developers.openai.com/learn/agents"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "ai",
    "slug": "application-ux",
    "title": "LLM application UX",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Streaming responses",
          "progress updates",
          "perceived latency"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "User interruption",
          "user steering",
          "cancellation"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Clarification UX",
          "preview-before-action",
          "approval UX"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Citations",
          "source inspection",
          "uncertainty communication"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Editable plans",
          "partial results",
          "recoverable errors"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Draft state",
          "approved state",
          "executed state"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Session continuity",
          "undo",
          "correction"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Accessibility",
          "human handoff",
          "trust calibration"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "OpenAI agent engineering resources",
        "https://developers.openai.com/learn/agents"
      ],
      [
        "MDN Web Docs",
        "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "ai",
    "slug": "multimodal-applications",
    "title": "Multimodal application integration",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Image inputs",
          "document inputs",
          "audio inputs",
          "video frames"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "OCR quality",
          "layout understanding",
          "image grounding"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Speech recognition",
          "text-to-speech",
          "speech-to-speech"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Voice activity detection",
          "diarization",
          "turn detection"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Streaming transcription",
          "barge-in",
          "interruption handling"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Word error rate",
          "transcription latency",
          "audio buffering"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Realtime sessions",
          "transport selection",
          "session recovery"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Multimodal prompt injection",
          "consent",
          "media retention"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "OpenAI agent engineering resources",
        "https://developers.openai.com/learn/agents"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "principal",
    "slug": "technical-strategy",
    "title": "Technical strategy and architecture judgment",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Problem framing",
          "requirements discovery",
          "functional requirements",
          "quality attributes"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Nonfunctional requirements",
          "measurable constraints",
          "tradeoff analysis"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Decision-making under uncertainty",
          "reversible decisions",
          "irreversible decisions"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Build-buy-partner",
          "total cost of ownership",
          "unit economics"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Technical roadmaps",
          "platform strategy",
          "portfolio risk"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Standardization",
          "team autonomy",
          "technology adoption",
          "technology retirement"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Migration sequencing",
          "dependency management",
          "technical debt prioritization"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Operability",
          "maintainability",
          "architecture governance"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "Google SRE books",
        "https://sre.google/books/"
      ],
      [
        "GitHub documentation",
        "https://docs.github.com/"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "principal",
    "slug": "organizational-engineering",
    "title": "Organizational engineering",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "Cross-team interfaces",
          "ownership boundaries",
          "service ownership"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Platform teams",
          "product teams",
          "enabling teams"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Conway’s Law",
          "cognitive load",
          "developer experience"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Influence without authority",
          "mentoring",
          "sponsorship",
          "delegation"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "RFC review",
          "design review",
          "constructive disagreement"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Stakeholder alignment",
          "negotiation",
          "risk communication"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Engineering standards",
          "exceptions",
          "incident leadership"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Delivery bottlenecks",
          "outcome metrics",
          "learning culture"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "Google SRE books",
        "https://sre.google/books/"
      ]
    ]
  },
  {
    "track": "principal",
    "slug": "applied-ai-strategy",
    "title": "Principal-level applied AI judgment",
    "entries": [
      {
        "terms": [
          "AI suitability",
          "deterministic workflows",
          "probabilistic decisions"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Workflow-versus-agent choice",
          "automation boundaries",
          "human accountability"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Action severity",
          "acceptable error rates",
          "failure containment"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Evaluation coverage",
          "real-world coverage",
          "launch criteria"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Vendor dependency",
          "portability",
          "model upgrade strategy"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Data rights",
          "retention",
          "provenance",
          "audit evidence"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Cost-quality-latency optimization",
          "build-versus-buy"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Shared AI platform",
          "application-specific harness",
          "operational ownership"
        ]
      },
      {
        "terms": [
          "Enforceable governance",
          "policy-as-code",
          "adoption strategy"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      [
        "OpenAI agent engineering resources",
        "https://developers.openai.com/learn/agents"
      ],
      [
        "OWASP Cheat Sheet Series",
        "https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/"
      ]
    ]
  }
]
